轉自Cancer Quest
此頁面展示了一組圖片用來解釋正常細胞與癌細胞的關鍵區別。以下展示的大多數概念都在其他頁面擁有更詳細的說明。在此頁面上,我們只用了很少的文字,主要以圖形提供解釋
每個病人的每例病例都是獨一無二的。沒有兩個乳腺癌或者前列腺癌是相同的。這種變異也是使癌症如此難以治療的其中一個原因。
雖然有那麼多的差異,所有癌症也有一系列的共同點.在2000年,羅伯特溫伯格(Robert Weinberg)以及道格拉斯哈納罕(Douglass Hanahan)發表了一篇論文,列出並表述了癌症共有的一個特稱- “癌症的標誌”. 1 接下來的動畫基於這篇論文以及從那時以來的觀察。
癌細胞與正常細胞有什麼區別?
![Normal cells require signals to reproduce - comic illustration](/sites/default/files/page_graphics/hallmarks-growth-signals-normal-sm.jpg)
![cancer cells reproduce by supplying their own signals - cartoon](/sites/default/files/page_graphics/hallmarks-self-sufficiency-growth-cancer-sm.jpg)
![normal cells stop reproducing and don't pile up on each other when given 'stop' signals](/sites/default/files/page_graphics/Insensitivity-Normal.jpg)
![cancer cells reproduce uncontrollably and pile up on each other](/sites/default/files/page_graphics/Insensitivity-Cancer.jpg)
![Normal cells have a built in lifespan. They can only reproduce a set number of times.](/sites/default/files/page_graphics/limited-replication-normal_0.jpg)
![Cancer cells can divide an unlimited number of times. They are immortal.](/sites/default/files/page_graphics/limitless-replication-cancer_0.jpg)
![Normal cells kill themselves via the process called apoptosis when they are damaged.](/sites/default/files/page_graphics/Normal-cell-apoptosis.gif)
![Cancer cells are able to avoid cellular suicide (apoptosis).](/sites/default/files/page_graphics/Cancer-cell-apoptosis-resistance-1.gif)
![All cells require the nutrition and oxygen provided by the blood supply. Normal blood vessels are organized and efficient.](/sites/default/files/page_graphics/Angiogenesis-Normal.jpg)
![Cancer blood vessels are disorganized and leaky. The process (angiogenesis) is still essential to tumor growth.](/sites/default/files/page_graphics/Cancer%20shredding_0.jpg)
![Cancer cells spread to distant parts of the body by following 'leaders'. They cut their way past nearby defenses and migrate away.](/sites/default/files/page_graphics/Metastasis-leader-follower.jpg)
![The spread of cancer often occurs when cancer cells enter nearby blood vessels and float away.](/sites/default/files/page_graphics/Metastasis-blood-vessels.jpg)
![Normal cells can repair DNA damage (mutation) and are all the same.](/sites/default/files/page_graphics/normal_mutation-repair-division-identical_0.jpg)
![Cancer cells can not repair DNA damage (mutation) well and accumulate new changes over time. They are not the same as each other - even in the same person.](/sites/default/files/page_graphics/cancer-mutation-accumulation-division-variable.jpg)